Ayub 30:6

30:6 so that they had to live ¹ 

in the dry stream beds, ² 

in the holes of the ground, and among the rocks.

Amos 3:14-15

3:14 “Certainly when ³  I punish Israel for their ⁴  covenant transgressions, ⁵ 

I will destroy ⁶  Bethel’s ⁷  altars.

The horns ⁸  of the altar will be cut off and fall to the ground.

3:15 I will destroy both the winter and summer houses. ⁹ 

The houses filled with ivory ¹⁰  will be ruined,

the great ¹¹  houses will be swept away.” ¹² 

The Lord is speaking!

[30:6]  ¹ tn This use of the infinitive construct expresses that they were compelled to do something (see GKC 348-49 §114.h, k).

[30:6]  ² tn The adjectives followed by a partitive genitive take on the emphasis of a superlative: “in the most horrible of valleys” (see GKC 431 §133.h).

[3:14]  ³ tn Heb “in the day.”

[3:14]  ⁴ tn Heb “his.” With the referent “Israel” here, this amounts to a collective singular.

[3:14]  ⁵ tn Traditionally, “transgressions, sins,” but see the note on the word “crimes” in 1:3.

[3:14]  ⁶ tn Heb “punish” (so NASB, NRSV).

[3:14]  ⁷ map For location see Map4 G4; Map5 C1; Map6 E3; Map7 D1; Map8 G3.

[3:14]  ⁸ sn The horns of an ancient altar projected upwards from the four corners and resembled an animal’s horns in appearance. Fugitives could seek asylum by grabbing hold of these corners (see Exod 21:14; 1 Kgs 1:50; 2:28). When the altar’s horns were cut off, there would be no place of asylum left for the Lord’s enemies.

[3:15]  ⁹ tn Heb “the winter house along with the summer house.”

[3:15]  sn Like kings, many in Israel’s wealthy class owned both winter and summer houses (cf. 1 Kgs 21:1,18; Jer 36:22). For a discussion of archaeological evidence relating to these structures, see P. King, Amos, Hosea, Micah, 64-65.

[3:15]  ¹⁰ tn Heb “houses of ivory.” These houses were not made of ivory, but they had ivory panels and furniture decorated with ivory inlays. See P. King, Amos, Hosea, Micah, 139-48.

[3:15]  ¹¹ tn Or “many,” cf. NAB “their many rooms.”

[3:15]  ¹² tn The translation assumes the form is from the Hebrew verb סָפָה (safah, “to sweep away”) rather than סוּף (suf, “to come to an end”), which is the choice of most versions. Either option effectively communicates the destruction of the structures.